LL-37

LL-37 is the only member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides expressed in humans. Derived from the C-terminus of the human cationic antimicrobial protein hCAP18, it plays a central role in innate immune defence and has been studied extensively for its antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties.

Research has investigated LL-37 for its ability to modulate inflammatory signalling, promote angiogenesis, stimulate keratinocyte migration, and support tissue repair. It has also been studied in the context of autoimmune conditions, where dysregulated LL-37 expression has been linked to inflammatory pathways in psoriasis and lupus models.